6/15/2023 0 Comments Spore forming bacteria![]() licheniformis, four were identified as Bacillus paralicheniformis and three were identified as Bacillus sp. ![]() licheniformis by 16S sequencing were confirmed as B. Using whole genome sequencing, 16 of 23 isolates identified as B. Bacillus (Latin 'stick') is a genus of Gram-positive, rod-shaped bacteria, a member of the phylum Bacillota, with 266 named species. As such, they are ubiquitous and contaminate food from soil, raw materials, ingredients, and processing environment. They are psychrotrophic, mesophilic or thermophilic, aerobic or anaerobic, and use minerals or organic molecules for energy formation. Of the isolates identified, 68% were Bacillus licheniformis, a facultative anaerobe that can survive and grow at mesophilic and thermophilic temperatures, making it difficult to eliminate in manufacturing environments. Examples of bacterial species that can form endospores include Bacillus cereus, Bacillus anthracis, Bacillus thuringiensis, Clostridium botulinum, and. Spore-forming bacteria belong to the same Firmicutes phylum but to different classes. Using 16S rDNA sequencing, the species were identified for 269 isolates that were representative of the various tests. Twenty-two samples of medium-heat skim-milk spray-dried powder from eight sources were analysed in triplicate with 16 bacterial and spore enumeration tests to understand the variety of spore-forming bacteria population. Abstract The different customer and regulatory specifications for mesophilic and thermophilic aerobic and anaerobic spore numbers in skim-milk powder, in addition to some specifications on specific spore-forming bacteria, such as Bacillus cereus, can be challenging for the industry to meet.
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