6/14/2023 0 Comments Tripmode alternativeThe majority of existing research has adopted a cross-sectional, survey methodology. In reviewing the broader literature and recent reviews, one key knowledge gap remains. An extensive array of correlates of AST have been identified and can be integrated within this framework including demographic, individual and family factors, school factors, and social and physical environmental factors (see for a review). The decision may be influenced by perceptions of the physical and social environments which combine with attitudes, beliefs, and perceptions of social norms about their child using AST. As with McMillan's framework, parents are assumed to make the ultimate decision about whether their child can walk to school or not. In a recently proposed framework to help researchers organize future studies of active school transport, Sirard and Slater identify different levels of influence at policy, neighbourhood and parent/family levels. McMillan developed the first conceptual framework to highlight factors that may influence parents' decisions about how elementary school children travel to school. ![]() How best to encourage this type of behavioural shift or what decision-making processes are involved remain unclear. Arresting this decline would not only reduce time engaged in a sedentary behaviour (passive commuting by car), it would also replace such sedentary behaviour with moderate intensity physical activity (active commuting by walking). In the Greater Toronto Area, Canada's largest city-region, walking mode share for trips to school declined between 19 (53% - 42% for 11-13 year olds, 39% - 31% for 14-15 year olds). ![]() One example is the consistent decline in the use of active modes (i.e., walking, biking) to and from school observed in Western nations (see for a review). ![]() Spanier, Marshall and Faulkner argue that this obesity pandemic is not just a matter of decreased physical activity levels but is partly influenced by increased involvement in sedentary behaviours. We live in obesogenic environments that increasingly promote high energy intake and physical inactivity. The causes of overweight and obesity, and the potential solutions to preventing and reducing obesity prevalence, are complex. In Canada, the percentage of children classified as overweight or obese rose over the last twenty years from 14% to 31% among boys, and from 14% to 25% among girls.
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